Theory of Multiples intelligences
The theory of multiple intelligences was first introduced by psychologist Howard Gardner in the 1980s. According to Gardner, intelligence is not a single, fixed entity, but rather a combination of different abilities or « intelligences » that can be developed and applied in a variety of ways.
Types of intelligences
1. Linguistic intelligence:
Linguistic intelligence is characterized by the ability to use language effectively, both in speaking and writing, and to understand the nuances of language, such as grammar, syntax, and semantics.
People with strong linguistic intelligence are typically skilled at expressing their thoughts and feelings through language, both verbally and in writing. They may enjoy reading, writing, and learning languages, and may have a particular talent for wordplay, such as puns, jokes, and literary devices. They may also have a good memory for names, dates, and facts, and may be skilled at debating, persuading, or negotiating.
Linguistic intelligence is important in many fields, including journalism, law, politics, writing, teaching, and public speaking. People with strong linguistic intelligence often have a way with words, and are able to communicate their ideas effectively to others. They are also typically good at interpreting and understanding the nuances of language, which can be helpful in social situations, such as negotiations or conflicts.
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence is characterized by the ability to reason logically, recognize patterns, and solve mathematical problems.
People with strong logical-mathematical intelligence tend to be good at analyzing problems and using deductive reasoning to find solutions. They may enjoy working with numbers, solving puzzles and brain teasers, and understanding the underlying principles of mathematical concepts. They may also be interested in science, particularly physics and chemistry, which often involve mathematical reasoning.
In addition to math and science, logical-mathematical intelligence is important in many fields, including engineering, computer programming, economics, and accounting. People with strong logical-mathematical intelligence may be well-suited for careers in these fields, as well as in research and development, where they can use their analytical and problem-solving skills to innovate and improve existing systems.
3. Spatial intelligence
Spatial intelligence is characterized by the ability to think in three dimensions, visualize objects and space, and mentally manipulate and transform objects.
People with strong spatial intelligence tend to be good at tasks that involve mental visualization, such as solving puzzles, reading maps, and designing buildings or objects. They may also have a good sense of direction, be able to recognize patterns and relationships among objects, and have a strong aesthetic sense for form, proportion, and color.
Spatial intelligence is important in many fields, including architecture, engineering, art, and design. People with strong spatial intelligence may be well-suited for careers in these fields, as well as in science, technology, and mathematics, where visualization and spatial reasoning are important skills.
4. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is characterized by the ability to control one’s body movements and handle objects skillfully.
People with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence tend to be good at tasks that involve physical coordination, such as sports, dance, and acting. They may also have a good sense of balance and spatial awareness, and be able to manipulate objects with precision and dexterity.
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is important in many fields, including athletics, performing arts, and surgery. People with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence may be well-suited for careers in these fields, as well as in other areas where physical coordination and skill are important, such as construction or mechanical repair.
5. Musical intelligence
Musical intelligence is characterized by the ability to understand and create music.
People with strong musical intelligence tend to be good at tasks that involve music, such as playing musical instruments, singing, composing, and analyzing music. They may have a good sense of pitch, rhythm, and melody, and may be able to appreciate and recognize different styles of music.
Musical intelligence is important in many fields, including music performance, composition, education, and therapy. People with strong musical intelligence may be well-suited for careers in these fields, as well as in other areas where music is important, such as film, television, and advertising.
6. Interpersonal intelligence
People with interpersonal intelligence are good at understanding other people’s emotions and motivations. They are able to communicate effectively with others and build strong relationships. They are also good at working in groups and resolving conflicts.
7. Intrapersonal intelligence
People with intrapersonal intelligence are good at understanding their own emotions and motivations. They are able to reflect on their own thoughts and feelings and use this knowledge to guide their behavior. They are also good at setting goals for themselves and working independently.
8. Natural intelligence
Natural intelligence refers to the cognitive abilities and mental capacity that human beings and other animals possess, which enable them to understand, learn, reason, and solve problems in their environment. It is the inherent ability of organisms to acquire and process information from the environment, adapt to changing situations, and interact with other organisms.
Natural intelligence is characterized by the ability to perceive and interpret sensory information, engage in complex decision-making, and demonstrate creativity and flexibility in problem-solving. It includes a wide range of mental functions, such as memory, attention, perception, language, and reasoning.
The study of natural intelligence has contributed to the development of artificial intelligence, which seeks to replicate and surpass human intelligence in machines. However, despite significant progress in AI research, natural intelligence remains a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is not fully understood.
Each type of intelligence is associated with different skills and abilities. For example, people with linguistic intelligence are good at using words effectively in both writing and speaking. People with logical-mathematical intelligence are good at reasoning and problem-solving. People with spatial intelligence are good at visualizing and manipulating objects in their mind. People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are good at controlling their body movements and handling objects skillfully. People with musical intelligence are good at understanding and creating music. People with interpersonal intelligence are good at understanding other people’s emotions and motivations. People with intrapersonal intelligence are good at understanding their own emotions and motivations. People with naturalist intelligence are good at understanding and interacting with the natural world.